program
May 9, 2021
Memorial Day
Schindlers List. John Williams
Performed by Rustem Chamidullin, Slava Spiridonov
The beginning of the Second World War
Presenters:
Natan: The biggest war in human history began over 80 years ago.
Look at the map: almost all countries of the world participated in this war, more than 50 million people died in it.
Arkady: The first victim of fascism was the German people. For him, this tragedy began 6 years earlier with the rise of Hitler to power.
Already after 3 months, the 1st Dohau concentration camp was created to contain all persons objectionable to the authorities. Dohau's first prisoners were Germans and Austrians.
A year later, 225 thousand people were sentenced. More than 7 million Germans died during the war.
Video from Britannica in English
Declaration of the Second World War in USSR
Presenters:
Natan: Most people - 27 million - died in the Soviet Union. This was the name given to the country that united Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and many other countries before.
Citizens of the Soviet Union listened to information about the beginning of the war in Europe, about how quickly the fascist troops were moving closer and closer to our borders, but no one could have imagined that tomorrow the war would begin in our city, on our street, in our yard.
The people of the Soviet Union listened to information about the beginning of the war in Europe, about how quickly the fascist troops were moving closer and closer to our borders, but no one could have imagined that tomorrow the war would begin in our city, on our street, in our yard.
Video: The message about the beginning of the war in USSR.
Text of the speech by Yu.B. Levitan June 22, 1941
Attention! Moscow is speaking! We are delivering an important government message!
Citizens of the Soviet Union!
Today at four o'clock in the morning, without any declaration of war, the German armed forces attacked the borders of the Soviet Union! The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against the German fascist invaders has begun!
Our cause is just! The enemy will be defeated! Victory will be ours!
Sergei Rachmaninoff. prelude. Performed by Slava Spiridonov
The attack on Moscow
Presenters:
Arkadi: The attack was unexpected, shells were flying from all sides to the towns and villages closest to the borders of the Soviet Union. Enemy planes circled in the sky and dropped bombs. Nobody understood what had happened.
Everything around exploded and burned. It was scary.
Despite the desperate resistance of the border guards, the military and quickly mobilized civilians, the Nazis captured more and more villages and towns, killed people, captured many and sent them to concentration camps.
After 5 months, the enemies came close to the capital of the USSR - Moscow. Hitler was preparing to celebrate the victory. But it wasn't there! On November 7, the famous parade took place on Red Square in Moscow, from which our soldiers went straight to the front. The main motto of our soldiers was: "We have nowhere to retreat, behind Moscow"
Video Parade on November 7th, 1941
Song "Holy War"
stand up, huge country,
Get up on death battle
With the fascist power of a dark,
With a curse among the Horde!
Let fury noble
Welling up, like a wave
is the people's war,
The Holy War!
as two different poles,
In all hostile we:
For the light and the world we are fighting,
They are in the Kingdom of darkness.
Give rebuff to stranglers
All the ardour of ideas,
Rapists, robbers,
Tormentors people!
Don't dare to black wings
over the homeland fly,
Its fields are spacious
No enemy dares to read!
Rotten fascist scum
drive the bullet in the forehead,
race of mankind
We will chop up strong coffin!
Gets a huge country
Rises in mortal combat
With the fascist power of a dark,
With a curse among the Horde.
Let fury noble
Welling up, like a wave
is the people's war,
The Holy War!
Defense of Moscow
Presenters:
Natan: Everyone understood that the main goal of the Nazis was the capital of the country - Moscow. Not only the soldiers who left Moscow's Red Square, but every resident of the country stood up to defend the capital. Moscow became a front-line city, the metro turned into bomb shelters, and defensive structures were erected on the outskirts. Moscow was preparing for defense.
Video Defense of Moscow:
In the last days of November 1941, Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov proposed to launch a counteroffensive without a pause in defensive battles. The task of the troops was to defeat the shock groupings of the Center army and eliminate the immediate threat to Moscow.
On December 6, units of the Red Army launched a counterattack on the advanced groupings of German fascist troops north and south of the capital. In January 1942, the offensive of nine fronts began in a strip of about two thousand kilometers.
The Siege of Leningrad and the Siege Symphony.
Presenters:
Arkadi: The second capital - The city no less significant than Moscow - Leningrad, already on September 8, 1941 was taken into the blockade. For 872 days, the Nazis failed to conquer and force the heroic Leningraders to surrender.
In the blockade, more than 700 thousand residents of the city died from shelling and hunger. And only in January 1944 was Leningrad liberated.
To support the residents of besieged Leningrad, Shostakovich created his famous Siege Symphony, which premiered in March 1942
Video: Shostakovich Siege Symphony
Dmitry Shostakovich. Waltz. Performed by Slava Spiridonov and Rustem Khamidullin
Kursk bulge
Presenters:
Natan: In January 1942, Red Army troops drove the enemy back from Moscow. This was one of the first big victory in this war.
There were still many days and months of war ahead. Many battles and victories.
The biggest tank battle that ever took place on Earth was the Battle of the Kursk Bulge. Several thousand tanks were moving towards each other from both ends of the vast field. The roar of the huge number of engines was such that it drowned out even the sounds of the explosions of tank shells.
Video about Kursk:
The battle on the field near Prokhorovka near Belgorod on July 12, 1943 played a decisive role in the Battle of the Kursk Bulge; it is considered one of the largest tank battles in military history.
During the winter offensive of the Red Army, a ledge formed at the front, it totaled up to one hundred and fifty kilometers in depth and up to two hundred in width, and went down in history as the Kursk Bulge.
The fascists wanted to strike from the direction of Orel and Belgorod. Having united in the Kursk region, they would have surrounded Red Army troops.
On July 5, the Germans launched an offensive. The next day, we repulsed two of our counterattacks. After another counterattack on July 8, they turned from Yakovlev and Oboyan to Prokhorovka. The plan was to move to Kursk by the Psel river valley.
In the northern part of the arc, the Germans were stopped on July 10 in the Ponyri region, and here there was still hope for a breakthrough.
On July 11, German troops took up their initial positions for the capture of Prokhorovka. Rem Army troops on that day stopped their first tank attack, and on the morning of July 12, they were the first to move on the enemy, the tanks quickly mingled.
Tanks exploded at full speed from a direct hit from shells. Their tank from the enemy in the smoke was often distinguished only by silhouettes. The crews of the destroyed tanks were looking for the crews of the destroyed Germans, finding they were beaten with personal weapons or converged in hand-to-hand combat. The commander of one of the companies, Chertorizhsky, knocking out the enemy "Tiger" was hit and himself, the crew jumped out of the car, put it out and went into battle again.
Two German attacks from the flanks repulsed the urgently brought up reinforcements. By 14:00 they began to press the enemy, and by the evening they were thrown back ten to twelve kilometers. In the battle, according to various versions, participated up to one and a half thousand tanks, up to seven hundred from the German side and up to eight hundred from our side.
The Germans made no further serious attempts at an offensive. The Battle of Kursk completed a radical turning point in the course of the war. The Red Army finally seized the strategic initiative on all fronts.
Georgy Sviridov, Romance for the film "Snowstorm".
Partisans
Presenters:
Natan: Victory Day was brought closer by residents of many countries of the world. Not only soldiers fought against the Nazis in battles, but also civilians and children. In the cities and villages occupied by the Nazis, people detach organizedments and went into the forests.
The partisans - that was the name of these people - fought with the enemies with their own methods: they tracked down and blew up fascist trains, dismantled bridges, seized weapons. Partisan detachments operated in all countries captured by the Nazis.
Video Partisans:
Along with units of the regular army, partisans inflicted huge losses on the enemy. In the occupied territory, they conducted reconnaissance, carried out sabotage, destroyed the infrastructure and manpower of the enemy. The partisan detachments had strict military discipline, and their actions were coordinated by a single headquarters.
Operation "Rail War" is an example of partisans' uniting front. From August 3 to September 15, partisan detachments in different parts of the occupied territories blew up two hundred and fifteen thousand rails. Areas of the RSFSR, Ukraine and Belarus were covered. The total area was one thousand kilometers along the front and seven hundred and fifty kilometers deep.
The partisan unit of Sidor Kovpak fought over ten thousand kilometers along the enemy's rear. Kovpak's raids covered not only Ukraine, but also the adjacent regions of the RSFSR and Belarus.
One of the most significant operations was the "Raid in the Carpathians" carried out during the Battle of Kursk. The detachment of Minay Shmyrev in Belarus arranged regular ambushes on the Germans. The Germans had to declare the area of his operations a partisan zone. They did not succeed in eliminating Shmyryov. Even the capture of the four children of Father Minay, as the partisans called him, did not help. The eldest daughter, fourteen-year-old Lisa, herself asked her father not to give up. All four children were executed, the youngest son Misha was only three years old.
Another detachment in Belarus was created by the former head of the railway depot Orsha Zaslonov. His ingenious devices have spoiled a lot of blood for the Germans. For example, mines embedded in coal and exploded in a steam locomotive tender. In six months, his squad derailed eighty enemy trains. Their intelligence data, which he sent to Moscow, was of great benefit. Zaslonov died heroically in battle on November 14, 1942 near Vitebsk.
An anti-fascist underground was active in the cities. The most famous underground organization "Young Guard" from Krasnodon in Ukraine. It emerged in the summer of 1942, shortly after the occupation of the city and numbered over a hundred people. The Young Guards were preparing an armed uprising in the city, but were exposed, arrested and, after severe torture, executed.
Holocaust and the Righteous of War
Presenters:
Arkadi: The fascists fought not only with armed men at the front. The fascists believed that they had the right to destroy entire peoples and nations. Soviet prisoners of war, Poles, Gypsies, Jews were exterminated in specially organized camps. Gas ovens and crematoria did not stop working around the clock.
8 million Jews, more than a third of the world's Jewish population was exterminated from 1933 to 1945. 8 million is the entire population of Switzerland today.
The song "Buchenwald Alarm".
The people of the world, for a moment, stand up!
Listen, listen: abuzz with all of the parties -
It is distributed in Buchenwald
Ringing of the bells, the bells ringing.
It was revived and strengthened
In the roar of the righteous blood.
It is the sacrifice come to life from ashes
And rose again, and rose again.
And rose up
And rose up
And rose again!
Hundreds of thousands of burned alive
Are built, built in the ranks to a number of series.
International columns
With us they say to us, they say.
Hear the thunder?
It is not a storm, not a hurricane.
This, the whirlwind of the atomic calling,
Moans ocean, Pacific ocean.
It moans
It moans
The Pacific ocean.
The people of the world, for a moment, stand up!
Listen, listen: abuzz with all of the parties -
It is distributed in Buchenwald
Ringing of the bells, the bells ringing.
Bells floats floats over all the earth,
And hum of excited ether:
The people of the world, be opened three times,
Take care of the world, save the world!
take care,
take care,
Take care of the world!
children of war
Presenters:
Nathan: What about the children? children of war. They had no childhood. Many of them lost their mom and dad. Also, like adults, they came under fire, starved, died in concentration camps, worked in military factories. Just like adults, they helped bring the end of the war closer. They went on reconnaissance, passed on classified information, mined bridges and roads, worked in factories where weapons were produced. They were provided with wooden stands so that they could reach the machine, they were given out weapons, awarded with orders and medals.
Video Children of War:
Arkadi: More than 5 million children became victims of fascist captivity. In concentration camps and ghettos, only one child out of 10 survived until liberation.
Before the war, these were the most ordinary boys and girls. The hour has come - they showed how huge a small child's heart can become.
Children worked side by side with adults, trying hard to bring victory closer. Many boys, in a difficult time for the country, took up arms and went to fight. Who went to the partisans, and who joined the ranks of the Red Army. During the Great Patriotic War, more than 35 thousand young defenders were awarded military orders and medals.
Six pioneer heroes were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union: Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova. Sasha Chekalin and Borya Tsarikov.
More than 6 million children's lives burned up in the hellish flames of war ...
Sergei Rachmaninoff. Two Romances. Performed by Slava Spiridonov, Rustem Khamidullin, Anna Combs, Evgeny Spiridonov.
Peoples of the world in World War II
Presenters:
Natan: WWII lasted 6 years. A huge number of people and countries fought for their freedom, for us to be born into this world.
More than one and a half billion people were involved in this war. Many of them have lost their loved ones.
Forgetting all the disagreements, in one breath, with tremendous tension, most countries on Earth brought victory closer.
Video in english
Day of the victory. A minute of silence
video:
Attention! Attention! Moscow speaks and shows! All central television channels, the largest radio stations in Russia are working. Watch and listen to Moscow! (Caption on the screen: "To the blessed memory of those who fell in the fight against fascism").
Let the names of the fallen shine with the light of a grateful memory, the light of our love, the light of our sorrow. Let's remember: 3 years 10 months and 18 more days, 26 million 600 thousand lives were claimed by the Great Patriotic War. Let's remember. Let us recall those who fought the enemy at the front, who fought in partisan detachments, who suffered in fascist concentration camps.
Remember those who worked in the rear without sleep or rest. Let us recall those who reached Berlin and Prague and who are not with us today. Let us remember the villages that were burned to the ground, the villages that were wiped off the face of the earth. Think of hundreds of cities destroyed but not conquered. Let's remember every street, every house.
Soldier of the Great Patriotic War, you stood to death near Moscow and Stalingrad, carried bread to besieged Leningrad, burned in a tank near Prokhorovka. By dying, you saved millions of lives. You, who lost family and friends in Stalin's camps, brought freedom to the prisoners of Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Dachau. You did not invade other people's limits, you did not seek fame. You defended the Fatherland, defended your family.
Let us remember all who laid down their lives on the altar of Victory! Let us bow down to them! Years, decades pass, generations change, but is it possible to consign to oblivion the feat of the soldiers who defended not only our life, but also the very title of man, which fascism wanted to trample. On the day of the Great Victory, we bow our heads to the blessed memory of sons, daughters, fathers, mothers, grandfathers, husbands, wives, brothers, sisters, fellow soldiers, relatives, friends who have not returned from the war. There comes a moment of silence. (Minute of silence) Eternal memory to the victims of the Great Patriotic War! Eternal glory to the heroes who fell for the freedom and independence of our Motherland!
Massenet. "Meditation".
Song "Victory Day" Vladimir Kharitonov, David Tukhmanov
The day of Victory, as he was from us far away
As the fire of a melting piece of coal.
There were miles away, burned, in the dust, -
This day we brought as they could.
chorus:
This Victory Day
powder smells,
This is a holiday
With gray hair at the temples.
It is a joy
With tears in his eyes.
The Day Of Victory!
The Day Of Victory!
The Day Of Victory!
The days and nights in the open-hearth furnaces
Not a wink of our Motherland eyes.
The days and nights battle difficult Veli-
This day we brought as they could.
chorus:
This Victory Day
powder smells,
This is a holiday
With gray hair at the temples.
It is a joy
With tears in his eyes.
The Day Of Victory!
The Day Of Victory!
The Day Of Victory!
Hello, mom, they returned we are not all...
Barefoot would run through the dew!
Half of Europe, walked, half-Land, -
This day we brought as they could.
chorus:
This Victory Day
powder smells,
This is a holiday
With gray hair at the temples.
It is a joy
With tears in his eyes.
The Day Of Victory!
The Day Of Victory!
The Day Of Victory!